Hangen nesa ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa, kamar saurin gani, hangen nesa, hangen nesa, da sigar hangen nesa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ruwan tabarau daban-daban da ba a mayar da hankali ba musamman don gyaran myopia a cikin yara da matasa, suna buƙatar juzu'i daidai. A cikin wannan fitowar, za mu ɗan gabatar da daidaiton gyaran myopia a cikin yara da matasa, tare da mai da hankali kan ƙaramin matakin mafi kyawun hangen nesa a cikin takardar sayan magani don taimaka mana zaɓin da ya dace.na ganiruwan tabarau.
Matsakaicin matakin mafi kyawun hangen nesa yana buƙatar bincika a hankali don sanin lokacin da ya dace don daidaita hangen nesa zuwa 1.5 kuma lokacin da ya fi dacewa don gyara hangen nesa a ƙasa 1.5. Wannan ya ƙunshi fahimtar waɗanne yanayi ne ke buƙatar jujjuyawa daidai kuma waɗanne yanayi zasu iya jure rashin gyarawa. Hakanan ya kamata a bayyana ma'anar mafi kyawun hangen nesa.
Ƙayyadaddun ma'auni don ma'auni na hangen nesa
Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da mutane ke magana game da hangen nesa, suna nufin samar da hangen nesa, wanda shine ikon idanu don bambanta abubuwa na waje. A cikin aikin asibiti, ana tantance girman gani da farko ta amfani da ginshiƙi na gani. A da, manyan ginshiƙi da aka yi amfani da su sune madaidaicin ginshiƙi na gani na duniya ko ginshiƙi na gani na ƙima. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ginshiƙi na gani na harafin logarithmic, yayin da wasu ƙwararrun sana'o'i na iya buƙatar ginshiƙi na gani na gani nau'in C. Ko da wane nau'in ginshiƙi da aka yi amfani da su, ana gwada ƙarfin gani yawanci daga 0.1 zuwa 1.5, tare da ginshiƙi na gani na logarithmic daga 0.1 zuwa 2.0.
Lokacin da ido zai iya gani har zuwa 1.0, ana la'akari da daidaitaccen ƙarfin gani. Yayin da yawancin mutane na iya gani har zuwa 1.0, akwai ƙaramin adadin mutane waɗanda zasu iya wuce wannan matakin. Ƙananan adadin mutane suna iya gani a sarari kamar 2.0, tare da bincike a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ke nuna cewa mafi kyawun gani na iya kaiwa 3.0. Koyaya, kima na asibiti yawanci yana ɗaukar 1.0 azaman daidaitaccen hangen nesa, wanda galibi ana kiransa hangen nesa na yau da kullun.
1 Nisa Aunawa
Tsarin 'Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart' ya nuna cewa nisan jarrabawar ya kai mita 5.
2 Gwajin muhalli
Ya kamata a rataye ginshiƙi na gani a wuri mai haske, tare da daidaita tsayinsa ta yadda layin da aka yiwa alama '0' akan ginshiƙi ya kasance daidai da idon mai duba. Ya kamata a sanya wanda aka yi jarrabawar a nisa da mita 5 daga ginshiƙi, yana fuskantar nesa da tushen hasken don gujewa shiga cikin idanu kai tsaye.
3 Hanyar Aunawa
Kowane ido yakamata a gwada shi daban, farawa da idon dama sannan a binsa na hagu. Lokacin gwada ido ɗaya, ɗayan ido ya kamata a rufe shi da wani abu mara kyau ba tare da amfani da matsi ba. Idan mai jarrabawar zai iya karantawa har zuwa layi na 6 a sarari, an rubuta shi azaman 4.6 (0.4); idan za su iya karanta layi na 7 a sarari, an rubuta shi azaman 4.7 (0.5), da sauransu.
Ya kamata a lura da mafi ƙarancin layin gani na gani wanda mai binciken zai iya ganowa (an tabbatar da ingancin gani na mai binciken ya kai wannan ƙimar lokacin da daidaitaccen adadin optotypes ya wuce rabin jimlar adadin optotypes a jere daidai). Ana yin rikodin ƙimar wannan layin a matsayin ƙarfin gani na wannan ido.
Idan wanda aka yi jarrabawar ba zai iya ganin harafin 'E' a fili a layin farko na ginshiƙi da ido ɗaya ba, ya kamata a umarce su da su ci gaba har sai sun ganta sarai. Idan za su iya ganin shi a fili a mita 4, karfin ganin su shine 0.08; a mita 3, shine 0.06; a mita 2, shine 0.04; a 1 mita, shi ne 0.02. Acuity na gani mai ido ɗaya na 5.0 (1.0) ko sama ana ɗaukar saƙon gani na al'ada.
4 Shekarun jarrabawa
Gabaɗaya, haɓakar haɓakar idon ɗan adam yana ci gaba daga hangen nesa zuwa emmetropia sannan zuwa hangen nesa. Tare da matsuguni na yau da kullun, ƙarancin gani na yaro yana kusa da 0.5 a shekaru 4-5, kusan 0.6 a ɗan shekara 6, kusan 0.7 a ɗan shekara 7, kuma kusan 0.8 a shekaru 8. Duk da haka, yanayin ido na kowane yaro ya bambanta, kuma ya kamata a yi lissafin bisa ga bambancin mutum.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa acuity na gani mai ido ɗaya na 5.0 (1.0) ko sama ana ɗaukar saƙon gani na al'ada. Ƙwararren gani na yau da kullun ba lallai ba ne ya wakilci mafi kyawun hangen nesa na mai binciken.
Bukatun Refractive Daban-daban a Shekaru daban-daban
Matasa 1 (6-18 shekaru)
Wani masani ya ambata, "Rashin gyara zai iya haifar da haɓakar diopter cikin sauƙi. Don haka, matasa dole ne su sami gyara mai dacewa."
Yawancin likitocin gani da ido sun yi amfani da su don samar da ƙananan magunguna, waɗanda aka sani da rashin gyarawa, lokacin gudanar da gwajin ido ga yara masu ban mamaki da matasa. Sun yi imanin cewa idan aka kwatanta da cikakkun takardun gyaran gyare-gyare, magungunan da ba a gyara ba sun fi sauƙi a yarda da iyaye, saboda iyaye ba su da sha'awar sanya 'ya'yansu su sanya gilashin da ke da ƙarfi, suna tsoron cewa diopter zai kara sauri, kuma suna damuwa cewa gilashin ya zama abin bukata na dindindin. . Masanan ido kuma sun yi tunanin cewa sanya gilashin da ba a gyara ba zai rage ci gaban myopia.
Ƙarƙashin gyara don myopia yana nufin saka gilashi tare da ƙananan takardar sayan magani fiye da na al'ada, wanda ke haifar da gyaran fuska na gani ƙasa da matakin 1.0 na al'ada (yayin da ba a cimma ingantacciyar ma'auni na gani ba). Ayyukan gani na binocular na yara da samari yana cikin wani mataki mara ƙarfi kuma bayyananniyar hangen nesa ya zama dole don kiyaye ingantaccen ci gaban aikin hangen nesa na binocular.
Sanya gilashin da ba a gyara ba ba wai kawai yana hana ikon ganin abubuwa a sarari a cikin yara da matasa ba amma har ma yana hana haɓakar hangen nesa lafiya. Lokacin kallon kusa da abubuwa, ana amfani da ƙarancin masauki da ƙarfin haɗuwa fiye da na al'ada, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aikin gani na binocular akan lokaci, haifar da gajiya na gani, da haɓaka ci gaban myopia.
Yara ba kawai suna buƙatar sanya gilashin da aka gyara daidai ba amma kuma, idan aikin ganinsu ba shi da kyau, suna iya buƙatar horar da hangen nesa don inganta ikon mayar da hankalin idanunsu don rage gajiyawar ido da rage ci gaban myopia wanda ke haifar da mummunan aikin mayar da hankali. Wannan yana taimaka wa yara su sami bayyananniyar inganci, jin daɗi, da dorewar ingancin gani.
2 Matasa Manya (shekaru 19-40)
A ka'idar, matakan myopia a cikin wannan rukunin shekaru suna da ɗan kwanciyar hankali, tare da saurin ci gaba. Koyaya, saboda dalilai na muhalli, mutanen da suke ɗaukar dogon lokaci ta amfani da na'urorin lantarki suna da yuwuwar ƙara tsananta matakan myopia. A ka'ida, mafi ƙanƙancin buƙatar magani don cimma kyakkyawan hangen nesa ya kamata ya zama babban abin la'akari, amma ana iya yin gyare-gyare bisa jin daɗin abokin ciniki da buƙatun gani.
Abubuwan lura:
(1) Idan an sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin diopter yayin gwajin ido, karuwar farko a cikin takardar sayan magani bai kamata ya wuce -1.00D ba. Kula da rashin jin daɗi bayyanar cututtuka irin su tafiya, karkatar da ƙasa, dizziness, bayyananniyar hangen nesa kusa, ciwon ido, murguda kayan aikin lantarki, da sauransu. yana da dadi.
(2) Ga mutanen da ke da manyan ayyuka irin su tuki ko kallon gabatarwa, kuma idan abokin ciniki ya gamsu da cikakken gyara, yana da kyau a yi amfani da gyaran da ya dace. Idan ana yawan amfani da na'urorin lantarki akai-akai, yi la'akari da amfani da ruwan tabarau na dijital.
(3) A cikin lokuta na tabarbarewar myopia kwatsam, yi la'akari da yiwuwar spasm (pseudo-myopia). Yayin gwajin ido, tabbatar da mafi ƙanƙancin takaddun magani don ingantaccen hangen nesa a idanun biyu, guje wa gyara. Idan akwai matsala tare da ingantacciyar hangen nesa ko rashin kwanciyar hankali, la'akari da gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ayyukan gani masu dacewa."
3 Yawan Tsofaffi (shekaru 40 zuwa sama)
Saboda raguwar ikon masaukin ido, wannan rukunin shekarun yakan fuskanci presbyopia. Bayan mayar da hankali kan takardar sayan magani don hangen nesa mai nisa, yana da mahimmanci a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga gyaran hangen nesa kusa lokacin da ake rubuta gilashin don wannan rukunin shekaru kuma la'akari da daidaitawar abokin ciniki ga canje-canjen takardar sayan magani.
Abubuwan lura:
(1) Idan mutane suna jin cewa takardar sayan magani na yanzu bai wadatar ba kuma suna da buƙatu mafi girma don hangen nesa, bayan tabbatar da takardar sayan magani don hangen nesa, yana da mahimmanci don bincika hangen nesa kusa. Idan akwai alamun gajiya na gani ko raguwa a kusa da hangen nesa saboda raguwar ikon wurin zama, yi la'akari da tsara nau'ikan ruwan tabarau na gaba guda biyu.
(2) Daidaituwa ya ragu a cikin wannan rukunin shekaru. Tabbatar cewa kowane karuwa a cikin rubutun kusa da gani bai wuce -1.00D ba. Idan rashin jin daɗi ya ci gaba bayan saka gilashin na tsawon mintuna 5, la'akari da rage takardar sayan magani har sai ya ji daɗi.
(3) Ga mutane sama da shekaru 60, ana iya samun nau'ikan cataracts daban-daban. Idan akwai sabani a cikin ingantaccen hangen nesa (<0.5), yi zargin yiwuwar cataracts a cikin abokin ciniki. Cikakken bincike a asibiti ya zama dole don kawar da tasirin cututtukan ido.
Tasirin Aikin Hangen Binocular
Mun san cewa sakamakon da aka samu daga binciken ido yana nuna yanayin refractive idanu a lokacin, wanda gabaɗaya yana tabbatar da hangen nesa a nesa na jarrabawa. A cikin ayyukan yau da kullun na yau da kullun, lokacin da muke buƙatar ganin abubuwa a nesa daban-daban, muna buƙatar daidaitawa da haɗuwa-bambamci (hannun aikin hangen nesa na binocular). Ko da tare da wannan ikon refractive iri ɗaya, jihohi daban-daban na aikin hangen nesa na binocular suna buƙatar hanyoyin gyara daban-daban.
Za mu iya sauƙaƙa rashin daidaituwar hangen nesa na gama gari zuwa rukuni uku:
1 Ragewar ido - Exophoria
Matsakaicin rashin daidaituwa a cikin aikin hangen nesa na iya haɗawa da: rashin isashen haɗuwa, rarrabuwar kai da yawa, da sauƙi exophoria.
Ka'idar don irin waɗannan lokuta ita ce yin amfani da ingantaccen gyara da kuma haɗa shi da horo na gani don haɓaka ƙarfin haɗuwar idanu biyu da kuma rage gajiyar gani da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar hangen nesa.
2 Ragewar ido - Esophoria
Abubuwan da ba su dace ba a cikin aikin hangen nesa na binocular na iya haɗawa da: haɗuwa da yawa, rashin isasshen rarrabuwa, da sauƙi na esophoria.
Don irin waɗannan lokuta, ƙa'idar ita ce yin la'akari da rashin gyara yayin da tabbatar da isasshen hangen nesa. Idan kusan ayyukan hangen nesa suna akai-akai, ana iya amfani da ruwan tabarau na dijital. Bugu da ƙari, haɗawa da horo na gani don inganta ikon bambance-bambancen idanu biyu na iya taimakawa wajen rage gajiyar gani da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar hangen nesa.
3 Abubuwan rashin masauki
Yawanci sun haɗa da: Rashin isassun masauki, masauki mai yawa, rashin aikin masauki.
1 Rashin isasshen masauki
Idan myopia ne, kauce wa gyaran gyare-gyare, ba da fifiko ga ta'aziyya, kuma la'akari da gyaran gyare-gyare bisa ga halin da ake ciki na gwaji; idan hyperopia ne, gwada cikakken gyara rubutun hyperopic kamar yadda zai yiwu ba tare da shafar tsabta ba.
2 Wuri mai yawa
Don myopia, idan mafi ƙarancin ruwan tabarau mara kyau don mafi kyawun hangen nesa ba za a iya jurewa ba, la'akari da gyaran-gyare-gyare, musamman ga manya waɗanda da farko ke shiga cikin dogon lokaci kusa da aiki. Idan hyperopia ne, gwada cikakken gyara takardar sayan magani ba tare da shafar tsabta ba.
3 Rashin Aikin Gida
Ga myopia, idan mafi ƙarancin ruwan tabarau mara kyau don mafi kyawun gani ba za a iya jurewa ba, la'akari da gyara. Idan hyperopia ne, gwada cikakken gyara takardar sayan magani ba tare da shafar tsabta ba.
A Karshe
Widan ya zo ga ka'idodin optometric, muna buƙatar yin la'akari da fa'idodi masu yawa. Yayin yin la'akari da shekaru, dole ne mu yi la'akari da aikin hangen nesa na binocular. Tabbas, akwai lokuta na musamman irin su strabismus, amblyopia, da anisometropia refractive waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa daban. A ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, samun mafi kyawun hangen nesa yana ƙalubalanci ƙwarewar fasaha na kowane likitan ido. Mun yi imanin cewa tare da ƙarin koyo, kowane likitan ido zai iya tantancewa sosai tare da samar da ingantattun bayanan likitanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2024