Ma'anar Siginar Defocus
"Defocus" shine siginar martani na gani mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya canza yanayin girma na ƙwallon ido mai tasowa. Idan an ba da ƙarfafawar defocus ta hanyar saka ruwan tabarau yayin haɓaka ido, ido zai haɓaka zuwa matsayin siginar defocus don cimma emmetropia.
Misali, idan an sanya ruwan tabarau mai matsi a idon mai tasowa don sanya ɓacin rai (wato mayar da hankali a bayan retina), domin hankalin ya faɗo a kan ƙwayar ido, ƙwallon ido zai yi girma da sauri, wanda zai inganta. ci gaban myopia. Idan an sa ruwan tabarau mai ma'ana, ido zai sami kyakkyawan ra'ayi, girman girman ƙwallon ido zai ragu, kuma zai haɓaka zuwa hyperopia.
Matsayin Siginonin Defocus
An gano cewa siginar cirewa na gefen ido yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita girma da ci gaban kwayar ido, musamman idan siginar gani na tsakiya da na gefe ba su da daidaito, siginonin na gefe zasu mamaye. A wasu kalmomi, siginonin defocus na gefe suna da tasiri mafi girma akan ƙa'idar emmetropization fiye da jihar defocus na tsakiya!
Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa lokacin da aka sanya gilashin hangen nesa guda ɗaya na al'ada, an kwatanta abin da ake mayar da hankali a kan retina, amma abin da ake mayar da hankali a kan abin da ke kewaye da ido yana nunawa a bayan ido. Na gefe retina yana karɓar siginar defocus na hyperopic, wanda ke sa axis ido yayi girma kuma myopia ya zurfafa.
Zane na defocus tabarau
An ƙirƙira da ƙera gilashin ƙaramar watsawa mai ma'ana da yawa bisa ga ka'idar defocus na gefe, ta yadda hoton gefe zai iya faɗo a gaban idon ido. A wannan lokacin, bayanan da ake watsawa zuwa ƙwallon ido zai rage girman girman axis ido. Nazarin daban-daban sun nuna cewa tasirin sarrafa myopia yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da lokacin sawa, kuma ana ba da shawarar sanya shi sama da sa'o'i 12 a rana.
Bincike a kan babban sikelin defocus myopia yana nuna cewa hangen nesa mai nisa na hotunan ido yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙwallon ido, yana haifar da haɓakar ƙwallon ido da haɓakar myopia. Akasin haka, ɓangarorin da ke kusa da gani na hotunan ido yana rage saurin ci gaban ƙwallon ido. Wurin mai da hankali yana faɗowa a gaban idon ido saboda ƙarancin gani na kusa zai iya rage girman girman ƙwallon ido amma ba zai iya rage tsawon axial ba.
Ga matasa masu tsayin axikin ido wanda bai wuce 24mm ba, ingantacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kariya da matakan sarrafawa na iya tabbatar da tsayin axis ido na yau da kullun a lokacin balaga. Koyaya, ga mutanen da ke da tsayin axis ido wanda ya wuce 24mm, ba za a iya rage tsawon axial ba.
Hasken haske na ruwan tabarau akan ruwan tabarau na ido suna haifar da sigina na defocus na cikin ido, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don rage ci gaban myopia. Duk da haka, kasancewar ƙananan ruwan tabarau akan ruwan tabarau ba lallai ba ne ya tabbatar da tasiri; ƙananan ruwan tabarau dole ne su fara aiki yadda ya kamata. Sabili da haka, samar da fasahar sarrafa ƙananan lenses akan ruwan tabarau kuma suna gwada fasaha da fasaha na kamfanonin kera.
Zane na Multi-Focus Micro-Lenses
Tare da fitowar "ka'idar defocus," manyan masana'antun ruwan tabarau sun samar da nau'ikan ruwan tabarau na defocus. A cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata, an ƙaddamar da ruwan tabarau defocus micro-lens mai ɗaukar hankali ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Kodayake dukkansu ruwan tabarau na defocus ne masu yawa, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙira da adadin wuraren mayar da hankali.
1. Fahimtar Micro-Lenses
Lokacin sanye da tabarau guda ɗaya, hasken da ke fitowa kai tsaye daga nesa zai iya faɗo kan fovea, tsakiyar ɓangaren retina. Duk da haka, hasken da ke kewaye, bayan wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya, ba ya isa jirgin sama na retina. Tunda kwayar ido tana da curvature, hotunan da ke gefen ido suna fadowa a bayan idon ido. A wannan lokacin, kwakwalwa tana da wayo sosai. Bayan samun wannan abin ƙarfafawa, ƙwayar ido za ta motsa a hankali zuwa hoton abin, wanda zai sa ƙwallon ido yayi girma a baya, yana haifar da ƙimar myopia ta ci gaba da karuwa.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura:
1. Ciwon ido yana da aikin girma zuwa hoton.
2. Idan hoton tsakiya na cornea ya fada kan matsayin kwayar ido, yayin da hoton gefe ya fadi a bayan ido, zai haifar da hangen nesa mai nisa.
Ayyukan ƙananan lenses shine yin amfani da ƙa'idar haɗa haske tare da ƙarin ingantaccen ruwan tabarau a cikin kewaye don jawo hotuna na gefe zuwa gaban retina. Wannan yana tabbatar da bayyananniyar hangen nesa na tsakiya yayin barin hotunan gefe su faɗo a gaban ɓangaren ido na ido, yana haifar da jan hankali akan ƙwayar ido don dalilai na rigakafi da sarrafawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura:
1. Ko ruwan tabarau na defocus na gefe ko kuma micro-lens na mai da hankali sosai, duka biyun suna ja da hotuna na gefe zuwa gaban retina don ƙirƙirar defocus na gefe yayin kiyaye hangen nesa na tsakiya.
2. Tasirin ya bambanta dangane da adadin defocus na hotunan gefe da ke faɗowa a gaban idon ido.
2. Zane na Micro-Concave ruwan tabarau
A cikin bayyanar da ruwan tabarau na micro-defocus mai yawa, za mu iya ganin maki da yawa na micro-defocus, waɗanda suka haɗa da ruwan tabarau na concave guda ɗaya. Idan aka yi la'akari da matakan ƙira na yanzu, ana iya raba ruwan tabarau masu raɗaɗi zuwa: ruwan tabarau mai girman iko guda ɗaya, ƙananan ruwan tabarau marasa ƙarancin micro-defocus, da manyan ruwan tabarau marasa ƙarancin ƙima (tare da babban bambanci a cikin iko tsakanin tsakiya da kewaye).
1. Tasirin hoto na manyan ruwan tabarau marasa micro-defocus sun hadu da tsammanin, samar da mafi kyawun kulawar myopia.
2. Rushewar "hotunan" da ba a mayar da hankali ba: Manyan ruwan tabarau marasa ma'ana suna haifar da hasken haske waɗanda ba su da hankali da rarrabuwa. Idan siginar da ke gaban idon ido ya bayyana sosai, ana iya zaɓar shi azaman siginar gani na farko don kallo kusa, yana sa hotunan na gaba su zama masu hangen nesa.
Fa'idodin yin amfani da manyan ruwan tabarau mara-defocus:
1. Ƙirƙirar matsalolin hoto ga kwakwalwa ta hanyar rashin samar da hankali, yara ba za su mayar da hankali ba ta amfani da ƙananan lenses, amma za su zabi su mai da hankali kan bayyanannun sassa tsakanin yankin tsakiya da kewaye.
2. Ƙirƙirar defocus na myopic tare da nisa da kauri, yana haifar da haɓaka mai ƙarfi da inganta ingantaccen sarrafa myopia.
3. Hatsarin Kallon Kallo tare da Lenses Micro-Concave
Babban damuwa tare da ruwan tabarau mai kula da myopia tare da ƙananan ruwan tabarau shine cewa yara na iya mayar da hankali kan abubuwa ta amfani da ƙananan lenses, wanda zai iya samun sakamako masu zuwa:
1. Zaɓin kusa da kallo azaman babban siginar gani
2. Rushewar gani na abubuwa
3. Dogon sawa yana shafar gyare-gyare
4. Yana haifar da gyare-gyare mara kyau da haɗuwa da haɗuwa
5. Ikon myopia mara tasiri lokacin kallon abubuwa kusa
A karshe
Tare da karuwar nau'ikan ruwan tabarau na micro-defocus mai yawa, zabar wanda ya dace ya zama kalubale. Ba tare da la'akari da ƙirar ruwan tabarau ba, makasudin shine a samar da hoto mai haske a kan retina yayin da yake riƙe da tsayin daka kuma tsayayye sigina na defocus a gaban idon ido don rage ci gaban myopia da ido axial elongation. Sana'a, fasaha, da kuma ingancin ingancin ruwan tabarau masu ma'ana da yawa suna da mahimmanci. Ruwan tabarau mara kyau ba wai kawai sun kasa rage saurin ci gaban myopia da axial elongation ba amma dogon sawa na iya shafar gyare-gyare, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar haɗuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-21-2024