Astigmatism cuta ce ta ido da ta zama ruwan dare, yawanci ta hanyar lanƙwasa ta corneal.Astigmatism yawanci yana samuwa ne ta hanyar haihuwa, kuma a wasu lokuta, astigmatism na iya faruwa idan chalazion na dogon lokaci yana matsawa ƙwallon ido na dogon lokaci.Astigmatism, kamar myopia, ba zai iya jurewa ba.Gabaɗaya, astigmatism sama da digiri 300 ana kiransa babban astigmatism.
Akwai matsaloli da yawa da ke tattare da manyan gilashin astigmatism, musamman ga yara da matasa.A cikin ainihin aikin, masu bincikenmu sukan haɗu da mutanen da ke da babban astigmatism.Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi ruwan tabarau masu dacewa da firam.
Bambancin hoto tsakanin astigmatism da myopia
Siffar cornea ba ta dace ba, ba mai siffar zobe ba amma ellipsoidal.Ikon refractive a cikin madaidaiciyar shugabanci da kuma madaidaiciyar shugabanci sun bambanta.A sakamakon haka, bayan hasken waje yana raguwa ta cornea, ba zai iya samar da hankali ba lokacin da ya shiga cikin ido.Maimakon haka, yana samar da layi mai mahimmanci, yana haifar da retina zuwa Hasashen yana da duhu, yana haifar da asarar gani.Matsaloli tare da astigmatism, musamman m astigmatism, na iya ba da wani babban tasiri a kan hangen nesa, amma babban matakan astigmatism shakka zai yi tasiri a kan hangen nesa.
Myopia yana faruwa ne lokacin da haske na waje ya shiga cikin ƙwallon ido kuma tsarin refractive ido ya karye.Mayar da hankali na hoton ba zai iya fadowa a kan retina ba, yana haifar da matsalar rashin gani a nesa.Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin hoton myopia da astigmatism, kuma sun bambanta sosai a cikin ainihin tsarin gani.Yawancin mutane ba su da isasshen fahimtar wannan, suna haifar da rudani.
Akwai ƙananan marasa lafiya tare da astigmatism mai sauƙi, kuma yawancin su suna da kusa da astigmatism ko astigmatism mai nisa.A cikin aiwatar da optometry, yana da mahimmanci musamman don samar da gyare-gyaren likitanci dangane da bambancin hoto tsakanin astigmatism da myopia.
Ma'anar da bayyanar babban astigmatism
An raba tsananin astigmatism bisa ga matakin.Astigmatism kasa da 150 digiri ne m astigmatism, astigmatism tsakanin 150 zuwa 300 digiri ne matsakaici astigmatism, da kuma astigmatism a sama 300 digiri ne high astigmatism.Babban astigmatism na iya haifar da lahani da yawa ga idanunmu:
1. Yana haifar da ciwon kai, ciwon idanu, da sauransu: Yawan astigmatism ba tare da gyara ba yana iya haifar da ciwon kai, ciwon idanu da sauransu. Haka nan yana iya haifar da mummunan matsayi kamar karkatar da kai.Don haka, waɗanda ke da astigmatism mai tsanani dole ne a gyara su.
2. Gajiya ta gani: Saboda bambancin ikon refractive kowane meridian, astigmatism ba zai iya samar da mai da hankali ba yayin da yake karkatar da haske mai kama da juna, amma layukan mai da hankali guda biyu, don haka kwakwalwa tana da saurin yin fassarar abubuwa.Don ganin shimfidar wuri a sarari, yakamata a daidaita astigmatism gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu don rage girman da'irar yaduwa don inganta ingancin hoto.Babban astigmatism, idan ba a gyara shi yadda ya kamata ba ko kuma ba tare da gilashi ba, yana iya haifar da ciwon kai cikin sauƙi, gajiyar gani da sauran alamomi, yana sauƙaƙa haɓaka gajiyar gani..
3. Rushewar gani na abubuwa kusa da nesa: Mutanen da ke da tsananin astigmatism suna fuskantar hangen nesa na abubuwa masu nisa da na kusa.Sau da yawa marasa lafiya suna da dabi'ar rufe rabin idanuwan su kuma suna lumshewa cikin ramuka don ganin abubuwa a sarari.mafi bayyane.
4. Rashin hangen nesa: A cikin idanu na astigmatic, abin da ake gani a cikin hanyar da ke nesa da layin ido na retina zai zama haske a launi, gefuna za su yi duhu, kuma zai yi wuya a gane.Ganin zai ragu, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, hangen nesa biyu zai faru.Baya ga astigmatism na physiological, kowane nau'in astigmatism na iya haifar da asarar gani cikin sauƙi.
5. Matsi akan ƙwallon ido: Astigmatism gabaɗaya ana gyara shi da tabarau na yau da kullun ko ruwan tabarau.Idan ba a magance rauni da chalazions a kan fatar ido cikin lokaci ba, za su danne kwayar ido na dogon lokaci kuma suna haifar da astigmatism.A wasu lokuta, astigmatism kuma za a iya hade tare da pseudomyopia.Lura cewa ɓangaren pseudomyopia yana buƙatar cirewa, kuma ana iya gyara astigmatism tare da tabarau.
6. Amblyopia: Cutar ta fi zama ruwan dare a cikin manyan astigmatism, musamman hyperopic astigmatism.Domin yana da wuya a iya gani nesa da kusa sosai, kuma ba za a iya yin amfani da hangen nesa ba, amblyopia yana yiwuwa ya faru, sannan strabismus yana ƙoƙarin faruwa.
Gilashin astigmatic sosai
Babban ruwan tabarau na astigmatic suna da wuya a yi saboda zurfin ikon su.Don haka, babban astigmatism gabaɗaya ana iya sanye shi da manyan ruwan tabarau na guduro mai ƙima da ƙirar aspherical, ta yadda ba za su yi kauri ba.Ya kamata a lura cewa ruwan tabarau tare da babban astigmatism gabaɗaya jerin ruwan tabarau ne na musamman.Mafi girma da astigmatism, da wuya shi ne don siffanta, da kuma mafi hadaddun sigogi bukatar da za a tsara.Don tsananin astigmatism, ana buƙatar samar da sigogin firam don taimakawa tare da ƙirar ruwan tabarau.
Lokacin zabar firam ɗin, kuna buƙatar la'akari da halaye na musamman na ultra-high astigmatism.Tun da kauri daga gefen ruwan tabarau astigmatism ya bambanta sosai, ya kamata ku yi hankali musamman lokacin zabar firam ɗin.Zaɓi tsantsar titanium ko firam ɗin alloy na titanium tare da ƙananan ƙananan diamita masu ƙarfi da ƙarfin abu mai ƙarfi.Hakanan zaka iya zaɓar fiber acetate ko firam ɗin faranti tare da raguwa mai kyau.jira.
Ba shi da kyau a zaɓi firam ɗin da ba su da firam ko rabin firam.Zai fi kyau a zaɓi firam ɗin cikakken firam.Lokacin sarrafawa da masana'anta, kula da hankali na musamman ga matsalar karkatar da ruwan tabarau wanda ke canza astigmatism axis na ruwan tabarau saboda ƙarancin fasahar dacewa da kayan aiki da aka gyara.
Yadda ake zaɓar firam ɗin astigmatic sosai:
A. Ba da fifiko ga kayan nauyi
Nauyin kayan firam ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke shafar nauyin gilashin.Ga mutanen da ke da babban myopia, lokacin zabar firam ɗin, zaku iya ba da hankali ga kayan kamar titanium mai tsabta, tungsten carbon, zanen bakin ciki, da TR90.Firam ɗin da aka yi da waɗannan kayan gabaɗaya sun fi sauƙi da sauƙin sawa.Mai dadi sosai, mai ɗorewa kuma ba a sauƙaƙe ba.
B.Full frame>Haf frame>Frameless frame
Babban astigmatism gabaɗaya yana da ruwan tabarau masu kauri, kuma rimless da Semi-rimless Frames za su fallasa ruwan tabarau, wanda ba wai kawai yana shafar bayyanar ba, amma kuma yana sa firam ɗin sauƙi don lalata, haifar da canje-canje a tsakiyar nesa na tabarau da astigmatism axis na ruwan tabarau, yana tasiri tasirin gyarawa.Mutanen da ke da babban astigmatism sun fi zabar cikakken firam.
C. Babban firam ba zaɓi ne mai kyau ba
Mutanen da suka sa manyan gilashin gilashi na dogon lokaci suna iya samun raguwar hangen nesa da kunkuntar filin hangen nesa.Sanya su na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da dizziness da dizziness.Manyan gilashin firam gabaɗaya suna da nauyi kuma basu dace da mutanen da ke da babban myopia ba.Sanya su na dogon lokaci zai sanya matsi mai nauyi a kan hanci, wanda zai iya haifar da nakasar gadar hanci cikin lokaci.
Akwai mahimman sigogi masu yawa don gani da tabarau, kamar diopter da nisa tsakanin ɗalibai.Lokacin sanye da manyan gilashin firam, dole ne a kula da ko tazarar da ke daidai da tsakiyar ruwan tabarau biyu ya yi daidai da nisa na ɗalibin idon ku.Idan akwai sabani, ko da takardar sayan tabarau daidai, za ku ji rashin jin daɗi bayan saka gilashin.Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar firam ɗin tare da ƙaramin faɗin madubi, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin kiyaye tsayin sama da ƙasa kaɗan, ta yadda ba za a rage ta'aziyya ba saboda nakasar gefe.
D. Zaɓi firam mai tazara kusa tsakanin gilashin ido.
Nisan ido-ido yana nufin nisa tsakanin gefen baya na ruwan tabarau da gaban gaban cornea.Ruwan tabarau na gyara astigmatism su ne ruwan tabarau na cylindrical.Idan nisan ido-ido ya karu, ƙarfin refractive mai tasiri zai ragu (mafi girman digiri, mafi girman raguwa), kuma madaidaicin hangen nesa zai ragu.raguwa.Nisa tsakanin gilashin ido na gilashin astigmatic sosai ya kamata ya zama ƙarami sosai.Dangane da zaɓin salon firam da daidaita firam, yakamata a yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar mashin hanci ko ruwan tabarau tare da ɗan ƙaramin nisa tsakanin gilashin ido.
E. Kada a zaɓi firam ɗin tare da haikalin da suka yi bakin ciki sosai
Idan haikalin sun yi sirara sosai, ƙarfin da ke gaba da bayan firam ɗin ba zai yi daidai ba, wanda zai sauƙaƙa firam ɗin ya zama babba da nauyi kuma ya sanya mafi yawan nauyi akan gadar hanci, yana sa gilashin su zamewa. saukar da sauƙi kuma yana shafar jin daɗin sawa.Idan kuna da astigmatism (musamman waɗanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa babban astigmatism), lokacin zabar gilashin, dole ne ku zaɓi firam ɗin da suka dace da nisa tsakanin ɗalibai.
Tasirin astigmatism axis matsayi a kan tabarau
Matsakaicin astigmatism shine digiri 1-180.Zan mayar da hankali kan zaɓin firam ɗin don 180 da 90 astigmatism axes.
Da farko muna bukatar mu san cewa astigmatism axis ne a 180 °, sa'an nan kauri ne a 90 ° (a tsaye shugabanci).Don haka, tsayin firam ɗin da muka zaɓa bai kamata ya zama babba ba.Idan muka zaɓi firam tare da ƙananan firam, kauri a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya za a sawa baya, kuma sakamakon ruwan tabarau za su zama masu sauƙi da sirara.(Idan firam ɗin yana da tsayi, a zahiri zai zama zagaye; idan firam ɗin ya yi ƙasa, zai zama murabba'i.)
Akasin haka, idan matsayi na axis ya kasance 90, kauri zai zama 180 (a tsaye shugabanci).Sau da yawa mafi girman sashinmu yana kan waje, kuma ana ƙara kauri na astigmatism a waje, don haka an wuce gona da iri.Don haka, firam ɗin yana buƙatar ƙarami da ƙarami, wato, mafi kusancin jimlar faɗin ruwan tabarau + faɗin katako na tsakiya shine zuwa nesa tsakanin ɗaliban ku, mafi ƙaranci zai kasance.Wajibi ne a zabi ruwan tabarau mafi girma don sanya kauri ba a iya gani ba.
A cikin shigar da gilashin, "ta'aziyya" da "tsayi" sau da yawa suna sabawa kuma suna da wuyar sulhu.Wannan sabani ya fi bayyana a kan tabarau tare da astigmatism.Tsafta yana buƙatar daidaitawa, amma ta'aziyya ba lallai ba ne yana nufin tsabta.Misali, rashin sanya gilashin shine mafi dacewa, amma tabbas ba a bayyana ba.
Gilashin da ke da babban astigmatism sun fi kulawa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin madaidaicin la'akari a cikin gani da kuma takardar sayan magani.Lokacin fuskantar babban astigmatism, dole ne ku kula da daidaitawar firam / ruwan tabarau tare da digiri na astigmatism da matsayi na axis don guje wa gunaguni na abokin ciniki da rashin jin daɗi saboda matsalolin samfur.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-17-2023